Fireworks displays on Bonfire Night and festivals such as Diwali are cherished parts of the UK's autumn calendar. They bring people together, foster community spirit and help raise funds for charities. However, safety is always of paramount importance.
Event organisers have had much to absorb in recent months. In October last year, the UK government published new safety guidance aimed at non-professional displays.1 In July 2026, it began a consultation on stricter fireworks regulations.2 Meanwhile, in Scotland, local councils are increasingly using their powers to introduce Firework Control Zones (FCZs).
From early next year, the regulation known as Martyn's Law comes into effect, establishing new obligations for larger events or premises to prepare against acts of terrorism. This change might even impact events like fireworks displays.1
For those responsible for arranging our autumn fireworks celebrations, the situation is becoming increasingly complex. Below, we will examine this in detail.
The changing risk landscape
In introducing these new requirements, the government is responding to public concerns. In a 2025 survey of British people, roughly a quarter said that they 'don't enjoy fireworks', citing a range of problems from anti-social behaviour to noise and air pollution.
The government's October 2025 guidance aims to help allay such concerns, calling on community groups and organisers to run 'safe and considerate' displays. It reminds organisers of the law on event timing: fireworks displays are permitted only till 11 pm, except on Bonfire Night, when the cutoff is midnight, or 1 a.m. on Diwali and New Year's Eve. It also advises organisers to communicate event timings in advance to local residents and consider the effects of fireworks on vulnerable individuals, pets and livestock. While these considerations may not prevent an event from taking place, they need to form an important part of the planning process.
In some parts of the UK, local authorities have taken firmer steps. In Scotland, under the Fireworks and Pyrotechnic Articles (Scotland) Act 2022, local authorities can introduce FCZs to restrict their use in designated areas. Some councils are increasingly using these powers: Edinburgh Council has approved 14 zones for 2026, up from just four last year3; while Glasgow has introduced four, up from three.
At the UK level, the government is now considering further action in response to more serious safety concerns2 — such as recent incidents of anti-social behaviour involving fireworks.3 In July 2026, it published proposals that may tighten sales restrictions on more dangerous or noisy firework products.2
Security and crowd management
For larger and professionally organised events, security preparations may soon become an obligatory consideration. Organisers may need to consider requirements arising from the Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Act 2025, commonly referred to as Martyn's Law, which will come fully into effect early in 2027.4
The primary goal of this act is to strengthen public protection against terrorism in publicly accessible locations and improve preparedness through proportionate planning, risk awareness and clear response procedures. The legislation encourages event planners to consider how they would respond to potential security threats and emergencies.
For most community organisers, security planning need not be overly complicated. It usually focuses on understanding potential risks, maintaining clear communication, monitoring crowd behaviour and ensuring volunteers can identify emerging issues.
Emergency plans need to include procedures for evacuation, medical incidents, severe weather and fire-related emergencies. Designated stewards need to understand evacuation routes and have the know-how to communicate instructions effectively to attendees when necessary.
The importance of pre-event planning
For those organising events, existing safety advice from bodies such as the Health & Safety Executive stresses the importance of careful preparation, clear responsibilities and effective communication.
A comprehensive risk assessment identifies potential hazards associated with fireworks, bonfires, site access, crowd movement, weather conditions and emergency response arrangements. Organisers need to review these assessments regularly and ensure they remain appropriate as plans develop.
Site selection is equally important. Organisers need to maintain adequate safety distances between firing zones, bonfires, spectators, nearby buildings, vehicles and overhead utilities. They need to designate access routes for emergency services, along with clear guidance signs throughout the venue.
Many community events rely on volunteers, making training and role allocation necessary. Everyone involved needs to understand their responsibilities, whether that involves stewarding, crowd management, managing entry points or supporting emergency procedures. Clear pre-event briefings can significantly improve coordination and reduce confusion in the event of an incident.
Safety essentials to consider
The UK authorities regulate fireworks under a four-category system. Category F1 covers the least dangerous products, such as party poppers and sparklers, and can be used by anyone over the age of 16. Category F2 covers fireworks suitable for gardens, while Category F3 is for fireworks intended for use in larger open spaces, like fields and sports grounds. Any adult can use both categories. Category F4 includes fireworks that are intended for large displays and is reserved for licensed professionals only.
It is essential for organisers to review which category of fireworks they are using and verify the products on the day. Volunteers running smaller-scale events are likely to be restricted to Categories F2 and F3. Regardless, the fireworks need to be stored securely before use and handled only by competent individuals who understand safe firing procedures.
Clearly marked exclusion zones need to separate firing areas and bonfires from spectators. Using physical barriers can help maintain safe distances and reduce the likelihood of unauthorised access. Public announcements before starting can also remind attendees of safety expectations and emergency arrangements.
Monitoring weather conditions throughout the event is also advisable. Strong winds or changing conditions may require adjustments to firing plans or, in some cases, postponement.
Post-event responsibilities
After the finale, organisers need to inspect the site carefully, ensuring fireworks and bonfire materials are fully extinguished. This is followed by the safe disposal of any remaining debris. Organisers need to document and review any incidents, near misses or concerns raised during the event.
Conducting a short post-event debrief can provide valuable lessons. Feedback from volunteers, attendees and local stakeholders can help identify opportunities to improve the experience in the following years.
How can Gallagher help
Gallagher works with charities, community groups and event organisers to help identify risks, improve planning processes and understand relevant insurance considerations. We help organisations plan and deliver community celebrations with confidence.
